There are many projects where you need to be able to send emails, but creating a mail server can also be a project in its own.
So, we will see the different steps of setting up a web server, be it a simple SMTP or a complete suite with a webmail.
To install a mail server on Raspberry Pi, the first service to install is Postfix. It’ll send and receive the emails.
Then other services can be added, like Dovecot for POP/IMAP compatibly and Roundcube for a webmail.
We will now see how to install everything in this step-by-step tutorial.
By the way, if you are really interested in improving your skills on Raspberry Pi, I highly recommend to check out my e-book here. It’s a 30-days challenge from beginner to master, with step-by-step tutorials and many projects to practice along the way.
Prerequisites
If you want to set up an SMTP server, the requirements are almost non-existent
A Raspberry Pi and an SMTP server that will serve as a relay is sufficient (Gmail for example)
If you want to follow the tutorial until the end you will need:
- A Raspberry Pi
- A domain name (I will use domain.com in all the steps below, don’t forget to change it)
- A static public IP address (or at least one dynamic DNS service)
Also, know that I make this tutorial on Raspbian, so it I recommend to install Raspbian first (lite will be enough) by following this tutorial
I suggest you to use SSH to follow this tutorial from your usual computer and copy/paste commands and configurations
Security warning
Creating your secure mail server is not always easy
It’s easy to miss a setup and turn your server into an open SMTP relay for the world, or get spammed over
So be sure to follow this tutorial precisely and then monitor the system logs to make sure that you are the only one doing the actions that are happening on your server
Setting up additional security features such as a firewall or fail2ban service can also be a good idea
DNS Configuration
IP Address
In the next steps, we will change our domain name DNS settings to use our IP address as the mail server
If you don’t have a static public IP address, you will need to use a free dynamic DNS service like No-IP to redirect a domain to your dynamic IP address
You’ll have to install a tool to give them regularly your current IP address, and they will redirect a domain like myserver.ddns.net to your last known IP address (more details about this here).
Also if you don’t have a domain name, I think that you can use this alias directly
For an email server, it’s not a perfect option, because you’ll have small downtimes when your IP change, but if you’re not too serious about your emails, it’s going to be fine
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DNS zone configuration
Now you need to go to your domain name registrar and change this zones to match your current IP address (or your dynamic DNS provider domain name):
- MX
- pop.domain.com
- smtp.domain.com
- imap.domain.com
- mail.domain.com
The MX one is mandatory to receive email on your Raspberry Pi
The other ones are just easy to remember names for access to your emails
Changes may take up to 24 hours before applying
You can monitor the progress of the changes with an online tool like Network-Tools.com
Install Postfix to send emails
Now let’s move on to the main things and so to the installation of Postfix
Postfix will be the base of our mail server.
It will allow us to send and receive emails corresponding to our domain name
In this step, we’ll see how to send emails
Installation
Start by installing the Postfix package:
sudo apt-get install postfix
During the installation you’ll have to choose this two configuration options:
- The general type of mail configuration: Internet site
- System mail name: domain.com
Now we will make two changes in the configuration that has been generated
- Open the configuration file
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
- Disable IPv6 management
- Replace
inet_protocols = all
- By
inet_protocols = ipv4
- Replace
- Enter your domain name as myhostname
myhostname= domain.com
- If you are on a local network, most of the Internet providers don’t allow to send emails directly
So you may need to add a relay host in your configuration
Ask your provider for the server to use as a relayrelayhost = smtp.yourprovider.com
- Save and exit (CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X)
- Restart Postfix
sudo service postfix restart
At this point, the server should start properly without startup errors
If this is not the case, look to solve these problems before continuing
Testing
We’ll now make our first test by sending an email from the Raspberry Pi
Telnet
For this test, we’ll use telnet to connect to postfix
- Install telnet
sudo apt-get install telnet
- Connect to the SMTP server
telnet localhost 25
- Enter this series of commands
- ehlo
- mail from: you@domain.com
- rcpt to: user@mail.com
- data
- Subject: test
- Test
- .
- quit
- This commands sequence will create an email and send it to user@mail.com (external email address)
Here is the full trace:
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ telnet localhost 25 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 domain.com ESMTP Postfix (Raspbian) ehlo domain.com 250-domain.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250-DSN 250 SMTPUTF8 mail from: me@domain.com 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to: youremail@gmail.com 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Subject: test Test . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 44EAE1FE54 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye
Mailutils
If you are looking for a most friendly way to do this, you can install mailutils to use the mail command
- Install mailutils
sudo apt-get install mailutils
- Send a test email with the mail command
echo 'Test' | mail -s "Test mail command" you@gmail.com
In both cases, you can follow the email sending in this log file: /var/log/mail.log
Receive emails with Postfix
Now it’s time to edit our Postfix configuration to receive emails
Configuration
We’ll do this by using the Maildir mailboxes format
Maildir is a safe and easy way to store emails: each mailbox is a directory, and each email is a file
- Edit the configuration file
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
- Add these lines at the end of the file
home_mailbox = Maildir/ mailbox_command =
This configuration will tell Postfix to create a Maildir folder for each system user
This folder will now host your new incoming emails
Now we need to create the Maildir folder template by following these steps
- Install this packages
sudo apt-get install dovecot-common dovecot-imapd
- Create folders in the template directory
sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Drafts sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Sent sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Spam sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Trash sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Templates
These templates will be used for the next users you will create
But for those already existing, you have to do it manually
For example, you have to run this commands for pi:
sudo cp -r /etc/skel/Maildir /home/pi/ sudo chown -R pi:pi /home/pi/Maildir sudo chmod -R 700 /home/pi/Maildir
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Testing
You can now repeat the same kind of test as before, but put the user pi in the receiver
echo "Test" | mail -s "Test" pi@domain.com
And then check that the mail has arrived in the Maildir folder
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /home/pi/Maildir/new/1535959347.Vb302I3dc1bM266961.raspberrypi
Return-Path: <pi@raspberrypi>
X-Original-To: pi@domain.com
Delivered-To: pi@domain.com
Received: by webinpact.com (Postfix, from userid 1000)
id 26B5020423; Mon, 3 Sep 2018 07:22:27 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Test
To: <pi@domain.com>
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 3.1.1)
Message-Id: <20180903072227.26B5020423@domain.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Sep 2018 07:22:27 +0000 (UTC)
From: pi@raspberrypi
Test
You should have only one mail in the new folder, use tab auto-completion to find it
As you can see the return path address is not correct, you have to change your hostname to fix this
sudo hostname domain.com
But we reach our goal for this step.
We receive emails sent to our domain
Secure the mail server
As I said at the beginning, there are some options to put in place to secure a minimum of the web server
- Edit your configuration file
nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
- Add these lines at the end of the file
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, check_helo_access hash:/etc/postfix/helo_accessThis configuration will limit SMTP usage to the local network and reject people saying that they are from your domain name
- Create the helo_access file
sudo nano /etc/postfix/helo_access
In this file, we need to put the list of domain name we want to block
- Paste these lines into it
X.X.X.X REJECT domain.com REJECT smtp.domain.com REJECT mail.domain.com REJECT
Replace X.X.X.X with your public IP address
- Restart postfix daemon
sudo service postfix restart
Install Dovecot to allow POP and IMAP connections
We now have a functional and secure mail server
So we will move on to the next part, which is to make this mail server accessible to POP and IMAP clients via SASL authentication.
As you may have noticed, we already installed Dovecot in the previous step to create Maildir folders
The only thing left to do is to finalize the configuration
Configuration
- Open the Dovecot configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
- Remove IPV6 support
- Replace
#listen = *, ::
- By
listen = *
- Replace
- Open the Dovecot mail configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
- Edit the Maildir folder
- Replace
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
- By
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
- Replace
- Open the Dovecot master configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
- Tell Dovecot to listen for SASL authentification
- Comment all lines from the default service auth paragraph (add # before each line)
- Add these lines a the end of the file
service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0660 user = postfix group = postfix } }
- Open the Dovecot auth configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
- Allow plaintext auth
- Uncomment and edit this line
#disable_plaintext_auth = yes
- To become this one
disable_plaintext_auth = no
- Uncomment and edit this line
- Edit this line too
auth_mechanisms = plain login
- Edit the Postfix configuration file
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
- Tell Postfix to use SASL (add these lines)
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
- Restart Dovecot and Postfix
sudo service postfix restart sudo service dovecot restart
Testing
To test that SASL authentication works well, we will create a test user and try to connect to the mail server with it
User creation
Create a new user with login test and the password you want
adduser test
Get the encoded password
We need to get our password in a base64 encoded format
You can get it with this command:
printf '\0%s\0%s' '[LOGIN]' '[PASSWORD]' | openssl base64
In my case (test/password), the string displayed is AHRlc3QAcGFzc3dvcmQ=
Log in
We can now retry a connection with telnet by specifying this string for identification
The only change is that we need to use the AUTH PLAIN command to log in
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ telnet localhost 25 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 domain.com ESMTP Postfix (Raspbian) ehlo domain.com 250-domain.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN AUTH PLAIN AHRlc3QAcGFzc3dvcmQ= 235 2.7.0 Authentication successful mail from: me@domain.com 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to: youremail@gmail.com 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Subject: test Test . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 44EAE1FE54 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye
Enable IMAPS
Dovecot allow us to connect with IMAP (telnet localhost 143)
But we now need to enable TLS for IMAP on the port 993
- Edit the Dovecot master configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
- Enable listener on the port 993
The configuration should look like thisservice imap-login { inet_listener imap { port = 143 } inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } - Then edit the SSL configuration file
sudo nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
- Enable SSL by editing the first line of the file
ssl = yes
- Then uncomment the certificate locations
ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
- You also have to uncomment the ssl_protocols options to deny SSLv3
ssl_protocols = !SSLv3
- Finally, restart Dovecot server
sudo service dovecot restart
Dovecot is now responding on the port 993, but if you try to connect you will get an error:
imap-login: Fatal: Couldn't parse private ssl_key: error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PE
We need to generate our SSL certificate with these commands
cd /etc/dovecot sudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -config /usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf -out dovecot.pem -keyout private/dovecot.pem -days 365
You can now check that your IMAPS server is working, with this command:
openssl s_client -connect localhost:993
The login syntax is: a login [LOGIN] [PASSWORD]
The full trace should look something like this:
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=LOGIN] Dovecot ready. a login pi password a OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE SORT SORT=DISPLAY THREAD=REFERENCES THREAD=REFS THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT MULTIAPPEND URL-PARTIAL CATENATE UNSELECT CHILDREN NAMESPACE UIDPLUS LIST-EXTENDED I18NLEVEL=1 CONDSTORE QRESYNC ESEARCH ESORT SEARCHRES WITHIN CONTEXT=SEARCH LIST-STATUS BINARY MOVE SPECIAL-USE] Logged in b select inbox * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft) * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft \*)] Flags permitted. * 3 EXISTS * 0 RECENT * OK [UNSEEN 1] First unseen. * OK [UIDVALIDITY 1536038369] UIDs valid * OK [UIDNEXT 4] Predicted next UID b OK [READ-WRITE] Select completed (0.000 + 0.000 secs). b logout * BYE Logging out b OK Logout completed (0.000 + 0.000 secs). closed
You are now able to connect to your IMAP server from any clients in the LAN
If you want to access your server from anywhere, don’t forget to open the needed ports in your router firewall
Set up Roundcube to add a webmail access
Most of the work is done, but we will push a little more and add a Webmail server to our mail server on Raspberry Pi
Roundcube is a modern free and open source webmail software
The big advantage of Roundcube compared to other webmails is that it’s available directly in the Debian and therefore Raspbian repositories.
If you started from a blank Raspbian, you would need to install a MySQL server first (MariaDB)
MySQL server
If you don’t have one yet, you need to install a MySQL server to store the Roundcube database:
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
Then you need to follow these steps to set a root password, and create a Roundcube user:
- Connect with root (we need sudo because only root can access)
sudo mysql -uroot
- Set the root password
use mysql; UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('YourPassword'), plugin='' WHERE User='root' AND Host = 'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Don’t forget to replace “YourPassword” with a secure password
- Create a new user for Roundcube
CREATE USER 'roundcube'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Replace “password” with your chosen password
- Create the Roundcube database
CREATE DATABASE roundcubemail;
- Give all privileges to the Roundcube user on the Roundcube database
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON roundcubemail.* to 'roundcube'@'localhost';
- Quit the mysql console
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; quit
Your database server is ready, move to the next step
Roundcube
To install it, enter the following command:
sudo apt-get install roundcube roundcube-plugins
This will also automatically install all other dependencies (mainly Apache, PHP and MySQL client)
Again, the installation wizard will ask you these questions about your MySQL server:
- Imap Server: ssl://imap.domain.com:993
- Default language: set it as you want
- Configure database with dbconfig-common: yes
- MySQL application password for Roundcube: your Roundcube user password
- Database administrator password: your MySQL root password
Now edit the apache configuration for Roundcube to enable the web app
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf
Uncomment the first line
Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube
Then go to http://[RASPBERRY-IP]/roundcube to see the web interface
If you get any error, you can restart the installation wizard with this command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure roundcube-core
You can now log in with your credentials created in the previous step, or with the account “pi”
Enjoy your webmail now, and remember that it is possible to add many plugins on RoundCube to extend its functionality
Logs and configuration file summary
So we saw how to set up a full mail server on Raspberry Pi
If you have had any errors, or want to go further, here is the summary of the file locations
Postfix
In this tutorial we are using Postfix to send and receive emails, it’s the core of the mail server
Configuration
- /etc/postfix/main.cf: Main configuration for Postfix
- /etc/postfix/master.cf : Processes configuration for Postfix
Log files
- / var/log/mail.log: Here you can see all mail traces, and errors if there are
Dovecot
We installed Dovecot to manage IMAP connections with a SASL security layer
Configuration
- /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf: The main configuration of Dovecot
- /etc/dovecot/conf.d/: This subfolder contains several files with each part of the configuration to know easily where’s the option that you’re looking for
Log files
- /var/log/syslog: Dovecot doesn’t have a specific log file, it’s using the main syslog file
Apache
Apache is used in this tutorial to run Roundcube
Normally you shouldn’t need to change something unless Roundcube is not accessible at all.
Configuration
- /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: The main configuration file for apache2
- /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/: Here you will find the configuration for some Apache services (like Roundcube.conf)
- /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/: Here you will find the configuration for any Apache website
Log files
- /var/log/apache/error.log: If you get any errors with Apache, you can find them here
Roundcube
And finally, we installed Roundcube to add webmail to our mail server
Configuration
- /etc/roundcube/config.inc.php: Here is the main configuration file for Roundcube
Log files
- /var/log/roundcube/errors: If you get some issue with Roundcube, you’ll find the errors in this file
Conclusion
And here we are at the end of this tutorial
You have learned to set up a complete mail server with:
- Postfix for transport
- Dovecot for secure authentication
- Roundcube for web access to your emails
As you may have noticed, it’s not a simple thing to set up, there’s still a lot of configuration options and it can be a lot of work to put that in place at home
I think in most cases, the first part with Postfix is the one that will interest you
You are going to be able to send emails from your different projects, but not necessarily to set up all the other steps
In any case if you really need to install everything you know how to do
keep getting “roundcube ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO)” have reinstalled but still the same
Hi,
You probably miss the Roundcube MySQL configuration during the installation
The user name must be ’roundcube’ and the password ‘YourPassword’ if you followed exactly this tutorial
You may try ‘dpkg-reconfigure roundcube’ to update the MySQL user and password
Hi RaspberryTips.com,
I wonder if you could post tutorial how to “SET UP A MAIL SERVER ON YOUR RASPBERRY PI” at home (using regular home internet cable service) which it behind CGNAT. Is it possible to use some sort of Ngrok. Serveo service ?.. or maybe in combination of Ngrok/Serveo service + Mailgun/mailjet ?… I’m a teacher at a high school at Semarang City Indonesia, I have many of my students asking me about this and i couldn’t find any.
Thank you.
Hi,
Thanks for your comment
Unfortunately I don’t have this kind of connection, so I can’t help you
But maybe someone else will see this message and can help
ngrok seems to be a good idea from what I can read on other forums
Hi!
First of all, thank you very much. After several attempts to create a mail server on my RP3, it is finally a success thanks to you. This tutorial is clear, easy and efficient.
Just a few notes :
– on my internet access, port 25 is blocked. I used dnsexit to solve the issue and reroute mails to my 8001 port. I edited master.cf file consequently and it works just fine.
– after I created and edited the sudo nano /etc/postfix/helo_access file, I had to launch the command : postmap /etc/postfix/helo_access. This created a helo_access.db file so I edited main.cf consequently.
– command sudo hostname domain.com will change hostname only until next reboot. I edited /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts to get it changed permanently
Hope this can help other users ;o)
Hi Heydrickx,
Thanks for your comment!
hi,
great tutorial but i keep getting a “Relay access denied” error when i try to send emails to my roundcube address from windows mail.
i can send then from roundcube but i never receive any emails, i can only send them
HI,
I screwed up installation of mariadb or roundcube somewhere. At the end, I have no /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf to edit…
Is there a way to totally remove – files and all – both? I removed both using remove –auto-remove but when I reinstalled mariadb, I found that the database mysql and its users etc _stayed_ undeleted.
thanks
Hi,
Thanks for your comment
Did you try “apt-get –purge remove PACKAGE” ?
Hi,
apache does not give the Roundcube login page
it gives the raw php like this:
<?php
/**
+————————————————————————-+
| Roundcube Webmail IMAP Client |
| Vers—etc etc
Is there a way to correct this?
thanks
…yes, in the end I did. Now I got up to Apache up, but it only shows the raw php code, not the login screen.
I think it went wrong here:
As you wrote —
“sudo apt-get install roundcube roundcube-plugins
This will also automatically install all other dependencies (mainly Apache, PHP and MySQL client)”
This install stopped in the middle. I rerun the above entry, but Apache and php were _not_ installed – only when I installed them one by one. So I think apache has to be configured for roudcube manually but I dont know where….
Hello,
I think that this post will give you the answer: https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/
You probably miss the libapache2-mod-php package
Hi RaspberryTips
In the above reply you said: “I think that this post will give you the answer: https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/. You probably miss the libapache2-mod-php package.”
How can I interpret this?
A) Did you install a LAMP before the tutorial “HOW TO SET UP A MAIL SERVER ON YOUR RASPBERRY PI?”using the tutorial first you mentioned as “https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/” or
B) Using this tutorial “HOW TO SET UP A MAIL SERVER ON YOUR RASPBERRY PI?”is there a need using the tutorial first you mentioned as “https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/”
C) Using this tutorial “HOW TO SET UP A MAIL SERVER ON YOUR RASPBERRY PI?”are there no dependencies exept your advise above “Also, know that I make this tutorial on Raspbian, so it I recommend to install Raspbian firs(lite will be enough) by following this tutorial” (link: https://raspberrytips.com/install-raspbian-raspberry-pi/)?
Kind regards, Ludi
Hum, not sure to see what you wanna say
If you want to use the webmail part, you’ll need a working LAMP server
shalacix had an issue with apache and php not working, so he needed to install libapache2-mod-php
What is your question exactly?
Have you an issue with the webmail installation?
Hello RaspberryTips
Thanks for the reply. I think you have really answered my (complicate) question: Especially when using Roundcube, I need a LAMP server first, you described in https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/. But, since I have secured all my web servers with Let’s Encrypt Certificates, I just wanted to know if I can take one of these images which already has certs for i.e. domain.com, www.domain.com, and mail.domain.com which have
– https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=domain.com => A+
– https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=www.domain.com => A+
– https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=mail.domain.com => A+
before installing “your” mail server described in https://raspberrytips.com/web-server-setup-on-raspberry-pi/?
And another question is:
It’s already the third time I’ve got exactly the same error using “telnet localhost 25”:
535 5.7.8 Error: authentication failed:
I would be very appreciated if you could help me coming out of this loop!
Kind regards, Ludi
Hi,
Yes you can absolutely use your existing certs
And the goal of the “telnet localhost 25” is to check if the SMTP server is running
If it doesn’t answer, check that it’s running
If it doesn’t start, check the log file to see if you have an error on start
Hello,
this one:
ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
should not be
ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.key
?
Hi,
Nope, it’s correct in the post
Hi again, Patrick,
At the end of roundcube config it asks for the admin user, which is root. No password is asked, _but it would be needed_, as the process runs on an error (quoting the screen):
┌─────────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring roundcube-core ├──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ An error occurred while installing the database: │
│ │
│ ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO) . Your options are: │
│ * abort – Causes the operation to fail; you will need to downgrade, │
│ reinstall, reconfigure this package, or otherwise manually intervene │
│ to continue using it. This will usually also impact your ability to │
│ install other packages until the installation failure is resolved. │
│ * retry – Prompts once more with all the configuration questions │
│ (including ones you may have missed due to the debconf priority │
│ setting) and makes another attempt at performing the operation. │
│ * retry (skip questions) – Immediately attempts the operation again, │
│ skipping all questions. This is normally useful only if you have │
│ solved the underlying problem since the time the error occurred. │
│ * ignore – Continues the operation ignoring dbconfig-common errors. │
│ This will usually leave this package without a functional database. │
│ │
│ Next step for database installation: │
│ │
│ abort │
│ retry │
│ retry (skip questions) │
│ ignore │
│ │
│ │
│
Is there a way to edit /etc/dbconfig-common/roundcube.conf for a root password afterwards?
thank you very much
Laszlo
Hi shalacix,
I think you need to set a Mysql password and reconfigure roundcube
Maybe with dpkg –reconfigure or dbconfig-common
If you don’t find it, I will try to redo the installation to answer your questions 🙂
Thanx
I am using a pi, also arch on a rock64
it looks like the Roundcube setup has changed – the questions during its install should be as these below, but are in reality not all are asked:
OK: Imap Server: ssl://imap.domain.com:993
OK: Default language: set it as you want
not asked: Configure database with dbconfig-common: yes
OK: MySQL application password for Roundcube: your Roundcube user password
not asked: Database administrator password: your MySQL root password
Also I suspect that sudo apt-get install roundcube roundcube-plugins
does not install apache and php, or not all of them: if it did, sudo apt apache2 and sudo apt php would tell “nothing to do, all up to date’ — but they _do_ the full install instead.
Then of course apache starts no problem but it either is dissociated from Roundcube or just displays the php code.
It probably can be welded back together by conf files’ amendments, but I have no deep knowledge of linux, I am just hacking away :/
Hi,
The good command to reconfigure roundcube is “dpkg-reconfigure roundcube-core” (I give it in the post)
With this you can change the mysql password
Make sure to give the correct database name (roundcubemail in my post, roundcube by default)
When I fixed this name, the issue with mysql root password disappeared
i set up your mail server, and it was awesome
BUT, when i send e-mails, they arrives in the junk email (on gmail and hotmail), and i didn’t receive the email sent to me.
all the port is open, and i created cert with let’s encrypt, and i change the location of the files in the config files to fit with the new let’s encrypt cert.
what’s goes wrong ?
thanks !
Hi have 2 very noob questions.
1. During the installation of roundcube i did exit the installer by accident. How can i restart the installer? Remove and reinstall does not do the trick, because it does no longer kicks off the installer.
2. i probally skipped or forgot something i cannot find what. but i keep getting this error when starting dovecot:
configuration file /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf line 12: ssl_cert: Can’t open file /etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem: No such file or direct. When i try to generate it i get this: writing new private key to ‘private/dovecot.pem’
req: Can’t open “private/dovecot.pem” for writing, No such file or directory
I have been trying to solve this myself, but after a week still stuck. So i thought lets try it this way.
Hi RaspberryTips, I have the following situation:
pi@ifit:~ $ cd /etc/dovecot
pi@ifit:/etc/dovecot $ sudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -config /usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf -out dovecot.pem -keyout private/dovecot.pem -days 365
Generating a RSA private key
……………………………………………………………………………………….+++++
…………………….+++++
writing new private key to ‘private/dovecot.pem’
—–
pi@ifit:/etc/dovecot $ cd
pi@ifit:~ $ sudo service dovecot restart
Logfile entry in /var/log/mail.log:
Jul 24 15:47:17 ifit dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=4053 uid=0 code=kill)
Jul 24 15:47:18 ifit dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.2.27 (c0f36b0) starting up for imap (core dumps disabled)
pi@ifit:~ $ openssl s_client -connect localhost:993
1996460032:error:0200206F:system library:connect:Connection refused:../crypto/bio/b_sock2.c:108:
1996460032:error:2008A067:BIO routines:BIO_connect:connect error:../crypto/bio/b_sock2.c:109:
1996460032:error:0200206F:system library:connect:Connection refused:../crypto/bio/b_sock2.c:108:
1996460032:error:2008A067:BIO routines:BIO_connect:connect error:../crypto/bio/b_sock2.c:109:
connect:errno=111
What is that? Never seen such messages!
Regards, Ludi
Hi Ludi,
I don’t know what kind of issue could cause this error
As you can see in my command output, it works fine during my tests
If you think that everything before this part has been completed successfully on your side, try to check if these posts can help :
https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/9190869?hl=en
https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/2185
You can also ask for help on the Raspberry Pi forum directly :
https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewforum.php?f=36
Or even on a Linux forum as there is probably no difference between Debian and Raspbian about this
As there are many questions here, I will try to do it again soon and check if it needs some updates
But for now I can’t help you more
Good luck
Hi RaspberryTips
Thanks a lot for constant efforts. But there must be something else because I have a strong suspicion that it’s the new Buster release of Raspbian. On which Raspbian release your tutorial has been layed on? And, I have a big uncertainty of my DNS entries at Alfahosting regarding your specific tutorial layout. Could you give some more hints or recommendations about the basic prerequisites (especially, issues behind a NAT router or a bridged Pi access, and/or DNS entries, how to get a PTR record, who is responsible for, what about more than one MX entries, and so on)? Thank very much in advance!
Regards, Ludi
Great tutorial!
I could finish it much faster if i was ready instruction more carefully 😉
2 notes and 1 question:
1. before roundcube setup you tell to create database “roundcubemail” – this probably cause a lot of people like me to have headache like ‘Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’’ later. The reason is – by default roundcube’s install wizard propose to use ’roundcube’ database and until you get there you totally forgot about ’roundcubeemail’ name 🙂 and press “Yes” 🙂
2. after editing “/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf” file it better to note that you need to restart Apache server to apply changes. Otherwise it will show the 404 error page.
and now question:
/etc/postfix/helo_access there is X.X.X.X line with external IP. but this is good for static one, how to solve the problem when you have dynamic dns setup? is it possible at all?
Thank you again for this tutorial and hope you can help with my question.
Hi,
I was getting along very well – not fast, but very well. Right up to just before setting up Roundcube. That’s when it went wrong for me.
I’m trying to set it up on a RPi 4, and I appreciate that this tutorial was written long before the RPi 4 came out. This is what I found…
In the “Enable IMAPS” section, the …/10-ssl.conf file doesn’t contain the line ‘ssl_protocols = !SSLv3’ to it couldn’t be uncommented. I added it though, which I hoped was the right thing to do.
Immediately after that, generating the SSL certificate started out ok but didn’t work. I got the ‘Generating a RSA private key’ message and a long set of …. surounded by some +++. Then, ‘writing new private key to ‘private/dovecot.pem’, followed by:-
Cannot write random bytes:
3069276176:error:2407007A:random number generator:RAND_write_file:Not a regular file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:183:Filename=/dev/urandom
I checked the command line thoroughly and I don’t think it contains any mistakes. This is it copied:-
sudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -config /usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf -out dovecot.pem -keyout private/dovecot.pem -days 365
And that was it. ‘openssl s_client -connect localhost:993’ couldn’t work and came back with 4 error lines.
My guess is that one or two bits have changed since the tutorial was written and, of course, the RPi 4 didn’t exist at that time.
Any thoughts on how i can complete the tutorial? Please? 🙂
Hey Phil,
The ssl_protocols = !SSLv3 is old and it gives an error.
ssl_min_protocol = SSLv3 should be used instead.
I have the same problem with the key genaration. I Can not find a solution yet.
I hope someone will know!
I use latest image updated on RPi3
I did something and worked. I do not know if it is wrong or right.
I replace the /usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf with this
https://dovecot.org/doc/dovecot-openssl.cnf
and it worked!
I will continue with that and I will see later if something is wrong
I was able to finally find a workaround to this issue by editing :
/usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf
and commenting out:
RANDFILE = /dev/urandom
Thanks for the sharing!
This is the correct answer.
getting this during roundcube-plugins command:
sudo apt-get install roundcube roundcube-plugins
====
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO) . Your options are: │
│ * abort – Causes the operation to fail; you will need to downgrade, │
│ reinstall, reconfigure this package, or otherwise manually intervene │
│ to continue using it. This will usually also impact your ability to │
│ install other packages until the installation failure is resolved. │
│ * retry – Prompts once more with all the configuration questions │
│ (including ones you may have missed due to the debconf priority │
│ setting) and makes another attempt at performing the operation. │
│ * retry (skip questions) – Immediately attempts the operation again, │
│ skipping all questions. This is normally useful only if you have │
│ solved the underlying problem since the time the error occurred. │
│ * ignore – Continues the operation ignoring dbconfig-common errors. │
│ This will usually leave this package without a functional database. │
│ │
│ Next step for database installation: │
│ │
│ abort │
│ retry │
│ retry (skip questions) │
│ ignore
Hmmm, did you configure the MySQL user and password during the installation?
Normally the apt wizard will ask you them, and then the connection should be ok
Here it seems to use the default settings (root without password)
2020, Feb: Using a new image NOOBS 3.2, everything was going well until I added
Edit the Postfix configuration file
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
Tell Postfix to use SASL (add these lines)
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
Restart Dovecot and Postfix
sudo service postfix restart
sudo service dovecot restart
Now telnet fails (it worked before these changes and was sending emails outbound):
telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1…
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Connection is closed. What is causing this, and how do I fix it?
Thanks in advance.
Hi andrew,
Did you check the log files? No error after this change?
Which log files & where?
In var/log/mail.err I have a couple of errors from postix:
Feb 10 10:48:12 PiExp1 postfix/smtpd[3131]: error: open database /etc/postfix/helo_access.db: No such file or directory
Feb 10 10:48:13 PiExp1 postfix/smtpd[3131]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Nothing that seems to indicate why telnet is no longer working…….
I found the error. In syslog I found:
dovecot[1614]: doveconf: Fatal: Error in configuration file /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf line 123: Unexpected ‘}’
in the conf file I found the extra “}”:
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
# Postfix smtp-auth
#unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
# mode = 0666
#}
# Auth process is run as this user.
#user = $default_internal_user
}
When I comment out the last “}”, save the file, restart dovecot, telnet now works!
This error is also in NOOBS 3.3.
Thanks you.
Good news!
Thanks for your feedback on this
Hiya,
Thanks for these very detailed steps. How difficult is it to achieve this but for multiple domains? I am wanting to have an email server for say domain.com, mydomain.co.uk and anotherdomain.net is it even possible to do this and if so how?
Cheers 🙂
Hi ChrisS,
Thanks for your comment 🙂
I think you just have to put all domains in the configuration, separated with commas
Something like
myhostname = domain1.com, domain2.com, domain3.comI’m working through the great detailed tutorial. In the “Install Dovecot to allow POP and IMAP connections” section of the tutorial, I think I followed all of the configuration settings, then added a user called “test” with a password of “test”, created the base64 string “AFt0ZXN0XQBbdGVzdF0=”.
The problem is, when I test this using telnet with “AUTH PLAIN AFt0ZXN0XQBbdGVzdF0=” I get an authentication fail:
telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1…
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
220 xyz.com ESMTP Postfix (Raspbian)
ehlo xyz.com
250-xyz.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250-DSN
250-SMTPUTF8
250 CHUNKING
AUTH PLAIN AFt0ZXN0XQBbdGVzdF0=
535 5.7.8 Error: authentication failed:
In the mail.log file I see: “warning: localhost[127.0.0.1]: SASL plain authentication failed: “, but no more info as to what is wrong. On the Pi itself, I can successfully login as test with the password of test.
Any ideas as to what went wrong or what additional log files to review?
Thanks in advance!
Following on from my previous post, I started with a new sd image, and I have found a solution, but I don’t understand the difference.
When I used the following:
printf ‘\0%s\0%s’ ‘[test]’ ‘[password]’ | openssl base64
I got the following result:
AFt0ZXN0XQBbcGFzc3dvcmRd
Which when I tested it, failed the authentication.
I noticed that when using the id “test” with the password of “password”, I got a different result that in the tutorial.
When I used the following to generate the key:
echo -ne ‘\000test\000password’ | openssl base64,
I got the following result which tallied with the tutorial:
AHRlc3QAcGFzc3dvcmQ=
When I tested the new key, it authenticated!!
I hope this helps someone!
The next issue I have run into, is when I run the command as documented in the tutorial:
sudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -config /usr/share/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf -out dovecot.pem -keyout private/dovecot.pem -days 365
I get the following error:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….+++++
..+++++
writing new private key to ‘private/dovecot.pem’
—–
Cannot write random bytes:
1995907088:error:2407007A:random number generator:RAND_write_file:Not a regular file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:183:Filename=/dev/urandom
If anyone has any ideas, I’m all ears!
Thanks in advance.
I have same error
Cannot write random bytes:
3070017552:error:2407007A:random number generator:RAND_write_file:Not a regular file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:183:Filename=/dev/urandom
pi@FamlundMail:/etc/dovecot $ client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe
Please help with this step
Hello,
unfortunately my experiment stops immediately at the sending test after setting up postfix.
Here is the log:
Apr 18 14:34:34 ck postfix/postfix-script[1367]: stopping the Postfix mail system
Apr 18 14:34:34 ck postfix/master[719]: terminating on signal 15
Apr 18 14:34:35 ck postfix/postfix-script[1494]: warning: symlink leaves directory: /etc/postfix/./makedefs.out
Apr 18 14:34:35 ck postfix/postfix-script[1536]: starting the Postfix mail system
Apr 18 14:34:36 ck postfix/master[1538]: daemon started — version 3.4.8, configuration /etc/postfix
Apr 18 14:34:58 ck postfix/pickup[1539]: 96B1C7F793: uid=1000 from=
Apr 18 14:34:58 ck postfix/cleanup[1555]: 96B1C7F793: message-id=
Apr 18 14:34:58 ck postfix/qmgr[1540]: 96B1C7F793: from=, size=312, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 18 14:34:58 ck postfix/smtp[1557]: 96B1C7F793: to=, relay=smtp.fastwebnet.it[85.18.95.132]:25, delay=0.16, delays=0.07/0.02/0.07/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host smtp.fastwebnet.it[85.18.95.132] refused to talk to me: 554 Service not available – access denied)
What did I do wrong?
Thanks in advance.
Greetings, Carlo
Here there Can you explain MX entry more.
pop.domain.com
smtp.domain.com
imap.domain.com
mail.domain.com
are need in mxentry or the child namerserver entry.
Hello,
MX are DNS entries to add on your domain to tell where your mail server is
For example, if G Suite is your mail server, you need to add this on your domain :
https://support.google.com/a/answer/174125?hl=en
If you are using your Raspberry Pi, you can add only one entry like mail.domain.com, where mail.domain.com redirect to the Raspberry Pi public address
pop, smtp and imap are not MX entries but probably A or CNAME entries
With only a Raspberry Pi as your mail server, you can just use mail.domain.com in all the configuration (server and clients)
After following all steps I get
imap-login: Disconnected (auth failed, 1 attempts in 4 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=xxxxxx, lip=192.168.1.101, TLS: Disconnected, session=
What am I doing wrong?
PS: This is on Ubuntu 16.04 on an OrangePi PC Plus 2E